Global Public-Private Partnership Announces Publication of Positive Phase 1 Data for Ebola Vaccine Regimen in JAMA

PR64136

LONDON, April 20 / PRNewswire=KYODO JBN / --

    First published clinical data show prime-boost Ebola vaccine regimen

produced an antibody response in 100 percent of healthy volunteers that was

sustained 8 months following immunization

    An Ebola vaccine is still urgently needed to address the problem of Ebola

persistence in affected countries and to prevent future outbreaks

    Partners involved in the clinical program for the Ebola vaccine regimen

include the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, the London

School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, the University of Oxford, Inserm,

Bavarian Nordic and Europe's Innovative Medicines Initiative

    A public-private partnership of some of the world's leading health

organizations today announced that data from a Phase 1 study of a preventive

Ebola vaccine regimen have been published in JAMA: The Journal of the American

Medical Association. The results, the first published on the vaccine regimen,

suggest that the regimen was well-tolerated by healthy volunteers and

immunogenic (produced an immune response). Among the findings, 100 percent of

participants in the study achieved an initial antibody response to Ebola, and

this response was sustained 8 months following immunization. The study was led

by the Oxford Vaccine Group at the University of Oxford Department of

Paediatrics and took place in the United Kingdom.

    The Ebola vaccine regimen is being developed by the Janssen Pharmaceutical

Companies of Johnson & Johnson, in collaboration with Bavarian Nordic. The

regimen was first discovered in a collaborative research program with the U.S.

National Institutes of Health (NIH). Clinical studies have been supported by

grants awarded by Europe's Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) to a

consortium of leading global research institutions working with Janssen, which

includes the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, the University of

Oxford and Inserm, the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research.

    "The Ebola crisis in West Africa left a huge human cost, we continue to see

flare-ups of this disease, and the world needs to be far better prepared for

the next major outbreak, " said Paul Stoffels, M.D., Chief Scientific Officer,

Johnson & Johnson. "This study suggests that Janssen's investigational

prime-boost vaccine regimen, if approved by regulators, could be an important

tool in global strategies to help prevent another Ebola epidemic."

    The Phase 1 study tested a vaccine regimen containing two components based

on, respectively, AdVac(R) technology from Crucell Holland B.V., one of the

Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, and MVA-BN(R) technology from Bavarian Nordic

A/S. Healthy volunteers were given one vaccine dose to prime their immune

system, and then the alternative vaccine to boost their immune response, with

the goal of evaluating the duration of immunity. Prime-boost vaccination is an

established approach for the prevention of several infectious diseases.

    "Recent evidence highlighting the persistence of the Ebola virus in bodily

fluids, and the potential for sexual transmission from Ebola survivors,

reinforce the importance of finding a robust and durable vaccine for this

disease," said Dr. Matthew Snape of the Oxford Vaccine Group and the study's

lead author. "These results show that an initial immune response with AdVac

immunization is enhanced by MVA-BN boosting, generating sustained immunity that

has the potential to provide durable protection from Ebola in at-risk

populations."

    In the study, most participants were randomized in a blinded fashion to

receive either vaccine or placebo, while some individuals were in an open-label

group receiving vaccine. Among the randomized participants, 97 percent

generated antibodies specific to Ebola four weeks after a priming dose with

AdVac. Additionally, more than half of AdVac recipients developed

Ebola-specific T cells, a key marker of cellular immunity. Validating the

prime-boost concept, these immune responses were enhanced by administration of

the MVA-BN booster dose, with 100 percent of participants generating

Ebola-specific antibodies at 21 days post-boost, and 79-100 percent showing T

cell responses depending on the dosing interval.

    Notably, 8 months following prime vaccination, 100 percent of individuals

in the study maintained Ebola-specific antibodies, while vaccine-induced T cell

responses persisted in 77-80 percent of those receiving the AdVac/MVA-BN

regimen.

    In terms of safety, injection site pain was the most common reported

adverse event, and was transient and generally of mild-to-moderate severity.

Among randomized participants, fever was reported in 5 percent of AdVac

recipients compared to 4.2 percent of those receiving placebo. In the

open-label group, 27 percent of participants reported fever. All episodes of

fever resolved within 24 to 48 hours. No serious vaccine-related adverse events

were observed.

    "Forty years after the discovery of Ebola, the world still needs an

approved vaccine for this disease," said Dr. Peter Piot, Director, London

School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. "A durable prime-boost vaccine could be

a vital asset in efforts to proactively protect the general population in

countries that are vulnerable to Ebola outbreaks. And in light of the

persistent challenges that we are seeing with the Ebola virus, durability has

become a particularly important goal for vulnerable populations such as health

workers and the families of Ebola survivors."

    "First of all, this study provides important validation for the concept of

a prime-boost vaccination strategy against this disease," said Yves Levy, CEO,

Inserm. "Additionally, these data indicate that the vaccine regimen can induce

two types of immune response - antibody-based and cellular - which together may

have the potential to confer long-term protection against Ebola. These results

are highly significant findings in the fight against Ebola in which Inserm has

been involved since the very beginning."

    "We are delighted to see such positive results produced by a consortium

supported with grants from the Ebola+ programme," said Ruxandra Draghia-Akli,

Director, Health Directorate, European Commission, and member of the IMI

Governing Board. "These and the many other Ebola studies underway with the

European Commission and IMI support show that cooperation research and

public-private partnerships can be formed with great speed to develop

innovative solutions for today's most pressing global health threats. Only by

joining forces as an international community can we prevent, control, and end

pandemics."

    The Oxford study provides the first set of data from a total of 10 clinical

studies that are being conducted on a parallel track across the U.S., Europe

and Africa in support of potential eventual registration for the Ebola vaccine

regimen. The first study of the vaccine regimen in a West African country

affected by the recent Ebola outbreak began in Sierra Leone in October 2015.

    The Ebola outbreak in West Africa began in March 2014 and put the health

care systems of Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea under tremendous pressure.

More than 28,600 individuals were infected with the virus across the three

countries, and more than 11,300 people died - including more than 500

healthcare workers.[i] Unfortunately, flare-ups of the disease continue in the

region, most recently in Guinea and Liberia, due to the persistence of the

Ebola virus among survivors.[ii] Healthcare and frontline workers are most at

risk in an Ebola outbreak and would benefit greatly from a durable vaccine.[iii]

    About the Phase 1 Study

    This first-in-human Phase 1 study was a single-center, randomized,

placebo-controlled, observer-blind trial to assess the safety and

immunogenicity of an Ebola prime-boost vaccine regimen among healthy adults. A

total of 87 volunteers aged from 18 to 50 enrolled in the United Kingdom from

December 2014. Of these, 72 were randomized into four groups of 18 receiving

either Ad26.ZEBOV (AdVac) or MVA-BN-Filo (MVA-BN) as prime. Participants then

received a boosting dose with the alternative vaccine 28 or 56 days later.

Within each group individuals were randomized 5:1 to receive study vaccines vs.

placebo. An open label group of 15 participants received AdVac boosted by

MVA-BN 14 days later. Follow-up on study participants through 8 months was

completed in October 2015 and an additional follow-up analysis through 12

months is ongoing. Further details of the study are posted on

clinicaltrials.gov [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show?term=Ad26.ZEBOV&rank=9

].

    About the Ebola Vaccine Regimen

    Janssen's investigational Ebola vaccine regimen was developed in a

collaborative research program with the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

This program received direct funding and preclinical services from the National

Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of NIH, under

Contract Numbers HHSN272200800056C, and HHSN272201000006I and

HHSN272201200003I, respectively. The MVA-BN-Filo material used in Phase 1

studies was produced under NIAID/Fisher BioServices contract #FBS-004-009 and

NIH contract HHSN272200800044C.

    In January 2015, Europe's Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) awarded

consortia of leading global research institutions and non-government

organizations working in conjunction with the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies

grants totaling more than EUR100 million from the Ebola+ programme to support

the development, manufacturing and deployment of the vaccine regimen.

    The results of the Phase 1 data published in JAMA are generated under grant

agreement EBOVAC1 (grant nr. 115854). The IMI2 Joint Undertaking receives

support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program

and European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA).

Additionally, the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre provides support to

the Oxford Vaccine Group, which conducted the Phase 1 study.

    In September 2015, Crucell Holland B.V., one of the Janssen Pharmaceutical

Companies, was awarded $28.5 million from The Biomedical Advanced Research and

Development Authority (BARDA), part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human

Services, to help accelerate the development of the prime-boost vaccine regimen.

    Janssen in partnership with Bavarian Nordic rapidly scaled up production of

the vaccine regimen and now has approximately 2,000,000 regimens available,

with the capacity to produce several million regimens if needed.

    About Johnson & Johnson

    Caring for the world, one person at a time, inspires and unites the people

of Johnson & Johnson. We embrace research and science - bringing innovative

ideas, products and services to advance the health and well-being of people.

Our approximately 127,100 employees at more than 250 Johnson & Johnson

operating companies work with partners in health care to touch the lives of

over a billion people every day, throughout the world.

    Our Commitment to Global Public Health

    For 130 years, Johnson & Johnson has been committed to improving the health

of individuals, families and communities around the world, including the most

vulnerable populations. Today, our vibrant, entrepreneurial and committed

employees bring business acumen and their collaborative spirit to help solve

some of the most complex global health problems. By harnessing our collective

breadth and scale, and our employees' passion and purpose, we strive to advance

health care and positively impact the lives of all people.

    About Crucell

    Crucell Holland B.V. is one of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of

Johnson & Johnson, and is focused on research, development and production of

vaccines that prevent and/or treat infectious diseases. Crucell has a broad

development pipeline, with several product candidates based on its unique

AdVac(R) and PER.C6(R) production technology.

    About the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson

    At the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, we are

working to create a world without disease.  Transforming lives by finding new

and better ways to prevent, intercept, treat and cure disease inspires us. We

bring together the best minds and pursue the most promising science. We are

Janssen. We collaborate with the world for the health of everyone in it. Learn

more at http://www.janssen.com. Follow us at [at@JanssenGlobal ]@JanssenGlobal

[https://twitter.com/JanssenGlobal ]

    About the Oxford Vaccine Group

    The Oxford Vaccine Group is an independent multi-disciplinary clinical

trials and epidemiology group based at the Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and

Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford. OVG works towards the goal of

developing new and improved vaccines for the prevention of infection in adults

and children. Current research includes vaccines for chickenpox, salmonella

typhi, flu, RSV and Ebola. http://www.ovg.ox.ac.uk

    About the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

    The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine is a world-leading center

for research and postgraduate education in public and global health, with more

than 4,000 students and 1,000 staff working in over 100 countries. The School

is one of the highest-rated research institutions in the UK, and among the

world's leading schools in public and global health. Our mission is to improve

health and health equity in the UK and worldwide; working in partnership to

achieve excellence in public and global health research, education and

translation of knowledge into policy and practice. http://www.lshtm.ac.uk

    About Inserm

    Founded in 1964, the French National Institute of Health and Medical

Research (Inserm) is a public science and technology institute, jointly

supervised by the French ministry of education, higher education and research

and the ministry of social affairs, health and women's rights. Ranked as the

number one academic research institution in biomedical research in the European

Union, Inserm supports more than 300 laboratories across France. In total, the

teams include nearly 13,000 researchers, engineers, technicians and

administrative staff. The mission of these scientists is to study all diseases,

from the most common to the rarest, through their work in biological, medical

and public health research. http://www.inserm.fr

    About the European Commission and Ebola research

    Joining forces with industry to combat Ebola - EUR215 million of research

funding for Ebola and related viruses has been mobilised by the Innovative

Medicines Initiative (IMI), a partnership between the European Commission and

the pharmaceutical industry in Europe. EUR114 million comes from Horizon 2020,

and the remaining EUR101 million from the pharmaceutical companies involved in

the projects. Work on these projects began already in January 2015, involving

the clinical development of new vaccines against Ebola, as well as vaccine

production and the development of fast diagnostic tests. The IMI2 Ebola+

programme

[http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/portal/desktop/en/opportunities/h2020

/topics/11097-imi2-2015-08.html ]   continues to further strengthen research on

Ebola. In addition, the European Commission has launched many other important

research actions

[http://ec.europa.eu/research/health/index.cfm?pg=area&areaname=ebola ] on

Ebola.

    i. WHO Ebola Situation Reports. Accessed March 31, 2016.

http://apps.who.int/ebola/ebola-situation-reports

    ii. WHO Update from the Field. Liberia and Guinea step up coordination to

stem new cases of Ebola. April 7, 2016. Accessed April 11, 2016.

http://who.int/csr/disease/ebola/liberia-guinea-flareups-update/en

    iii. Wellcome Trust. Plotting the Course of Ebola Vaccines: Challenges and

Unanswered Questions. March 2016.

SOURCE: EBOVAC1