Research supported by Royal Commission for AlUla provides new insights into huge, ancient animal traps known as 'kites'
PR98417
ALULA, Saudi Arabia, October 24, 2022 /PRNewswire=KYODO JBN/--
- Studies widen the inventory and geographic extent of these gigantic animal
traps, the largest built structures of their ancient era
- Animals were driven along converging stone walls for hundreds of metres to a
sudden precipice or concealed pit
- RCU is further revealing region's cultural heritage through such research,
the intellectual foundation for Kingdoms Institute as hub of archaeology
New peer-reviewed research into ancient stone-built animal traps, known as
'desert kites', reveals sophisticated and extensive hunting of wild animals
from the Late Neolithic and shows the ingenuity and perhaps collaborative
nature of the region's peoples in the past.
To view the Multimedia News Release, please click:
The structures were named 'kites' by aviators in the 1920s because, observed
from above, their form is reminiscent of old-fashioned children's kites with
streamers. However, the origins and function of these huge, monumental
structures had been a matter of debate.
Dr Remy Crassard, a leading expert on desert kites, notes that they are some of
the largest ancient structures of their era. The oldest kites, in southern
Jordan, have been dated to 7000 BCE. The age of newly found kites in north-west
Arabia is still being determined but appears to straddle the transition from
the Late Neolithic to the Bronze Age (5000–2000 BCE). Dr Crassard – who,
besides being affiliated with France's National Centre for Scientific Research
(CNRS), is a co-director of the Khaybar Longue Durée Archaeological Project,
which is sponsored by RCU and its strategic partner Afalula (France's Agency
for the Development of AlUla) – estimates that 700 to 800 kites were known 20
years ago compared to about 6,500 now, with the number still growing.
Based on recent research conducted in Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Armenia and
Kazakhstan, Dr Crassard's team affirms that kites were used for hunting and not
for domestication, that they "mark a profound change in human strategies for
trapping animals", and that "the development of these mega-traps made a
spectacular human impact on the landscape". Kites may have led to hunting well
beyond subsistence levels, related to "an increase in symbolic behaviour
related to food production and social organisation". Some wild species such as
gazelles might have altered their migratory routes as a result, and other
species might have been hunted to extinction.
In Saudi Arabia, research led by Rebecca Repper of the University of Western
Australia's RCU-sponsored team, Aerial Archaeology in the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia – Al Ula, detected 207 previously unknown kites in AlUla County. These
are especially concentrated on the Harrat 'Uwayrid, an upland area with an
extinct volcano. The team found that a distinct type of V-shaped kite was the
dominant form in their study area, in contrast to kites found elsewhere in the
region. Kites have been described in a variety of shapes, including V, 'sock',
'hatchet' and W-shaped.
Regardless of form, all kites in the region have driving lines of low stone
walls that converge to funnel animals towards a trap such as a pit or
precipice. On average, the driving lines of the AlUla kites are approximately
200m long. However, elsewhere they can stretch for kilometres. Ms Repper says
the shorter length shows the local knowledge of the hunters, who placed the
traps in areas where existing landscapes naturally restricted animal movements.
Kite placement also suggests that the hunters had an intimate knowledge of prey
movements.
While kites recorded in the AlUla region tended to funnel prey towards a sudden
precipice, kites elsewhere often end in concealed pits, in which hundreds of
animals could be killed during a single hunt. This difference could be an
adaptation to the local geography or an evolution of trap hunting.
The aerial archaeology team's research in the region complements work by Dr
Crassard, who contributed data on the kites of Khaybar to a recently published
study led by Dr Olivier Barge (CNRS) on the relative chronology of kite types.
In Khaybar, two types of kites have been distinguished: traditionally defined
desert kites and rudimentary proto-kites, which do not have a well-defined
enclosure surrounded by traps or pits. The team suggests that the proto-kites
might have been a precursor to desert kites. The more complex kites may reflect
less opportunistic and more formalized hunting techniques.
Dr Rebecca Foote, Director of Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Research for
RCU, said: "These studies add to our growing understanding of the rich cultural
heritage of the people of north-west Arabia, in this case more on prehistoric
practices. The recent studies expand on our earlier discoveries of the
Neolithic period in the region, including the construction of large-scale
ritual structures known as mustatils. As we embark on the autumn season of
RCU-supported archaeological fieldwork, with teams from KSA, France, Australia,
Germany and beyond, we look forward to many more insightful findings as part of
our ambitious plan to create a global hub of archaeological research and
conservation in AlUla."
That hub, the Kingdoms Institute, is currently active as a research
organization, with plans to open a physical presence at AlUla by 2030. The
RCU-sponsored research in and around AlUla is adding to the knowledge base that
will inform the Kingdoms Institute. RCU expects the institute to become a prime
destination by the time AlUla is receiving 2 million visitors a year in 2035.
Dr Ingrid Périssé Valéro, Director of Archaeology and Heritage for Afalula,
said: "The recording of these new kites in AlUla and Khaybar opens up important
perspectives on the origins, development and diffusion of these hunting
structures, which marked a significant milestone in the history of human
evolution and mankind's relationship with the natural environment. The
groundbreaking research from these international teams, including work by
France's expert Dr Rémy Crassard, combines the results of satellite image
analysis and fieldwork, which is the only way to provide precise dating and
function by analysing the material associated with these structures. Without a
doubt, the ongoing research will be a landmark in prehistorical studies."
The recent research is detailed in the following:
- The Use of Desert Kites as Hunting Mega Traps: Functional Evidence and
Potential Impacts on Socioeconomic and Ecological Spheres' by Rémy Crassard, et
al, published in Journal of World Prehistory. Project sponsored by CNRS and
French National Research Agency.
- Kites of AlUla County and the Ḥarrat 'Uwayriḍ, Saudi Arabia' by
Rebecca Repper, et al, published in Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy. Project
sponsored by RCU.
- New Arabian desert kites and potential proto-kites extend the global
distribution of hunting mega-traps' by Olivier Barge, et al, published in
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. Khaybar data in this article
results from the Khaybar Longue Durée Archaeological Project.
To download a factsheet and diagrams on kites, click here
[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/13DjahX1JKFkiSY2DJvXVE6i5CXlhMwC6]
About the Royal Commission for AlUla
RCU was established by royal decree in July 2017 to preserve and develop AlUla,
a region of outstanding natural and cultural significance in north-west Saudi
Arabia. RCU's long-term plan outlines a responsible, sustainable, and sensitive
approach to urban and economic development that preserves the area's natural
and cultural heritage, while establishing AlUla as a desirable location to
live, work, and visit. This encompasses a broad range of initiatives across
archaeology, tourism, education, the arts, nature and more, reflecting a
commitment to meeting the economic diversification, local community
empowerment, and heritage preservation priorities of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030
programme.
Photo - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1926110/Royal_Commission_for_AlUla.jpg
Logo - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1926109/Royal_Commission_AlUla_Logo.jpg
SOURCE: Royal Commission for AlUla
本プレスリリースは発表元が入力した原稿をそのまま掲載しております。また、プレスリリースへのお問い合わせは発表元に直接お願いいたします。
このプレスリリースには、報道機関向けの情報があります。
プレス会員登録を行うと、広報担当者の連絡先や、イベント・記者会見の情報など、報道機関だけに公開する情報が閲覧できるようになります。